What is antivirus software?
There are a variety of antivirus software packages that are active in many different ways, depending on how the vendor chose to implement their software. What they have in common is that they all look for patterns in files or memory of your computer that the possible presence of a virus in te geven. Antivirus packages know what to look through the use of virus profiles (sometimes called "signatures") provided by the seller.

New viruses are discovered daily. The effectiveness of antivirus software is dependent on the latest virus profiles installed on your computer so they can look for recently discovered viruses. It is important to these profiles up to date.

Data Security
Companies that value their data need a detailed scheme for the recovery backup. This includes on site backups for least amount of time set, a copy of this data off site in case the computer room disaster and contingency plans in place. Unfortunately, an easy way to access a company to retrieve data is to obtain access to backup tapes and delicate prints. Therefore, all sensitive data stored in locked cabinets. Backup tapes should be sent site in containers. Old sensitive printouts and tapes should be destroyed.

To protect the computer from damage due to power outages (and spikes), given to the computers on a UPS. This ensures consistent power, protects against downtime, and protects the computer against power surges. Ideally, a backup generator for production systems. On non-production, there must be an automatic way to shutdown the computer if the power to transfer to the UPS for more than 1 / 2 the time the UPS is rated to supply.

Who wants to break into my home computer?
Intruders (also referred to as hackers, attackers, or crackers) may not care about your identity. Often they want to take control of your computer, so that they can use to launch attacks on other computer systems.

After verifying your computer gives them the opportunity to develop their true location as they often launch attacks against high-profile computer systems such as government or financial systems to hide. Even if you have a computer connected to the Internet just the latest games or to email to friends and family, your computer can be a target.

Intruders may be able to keep all your actions on the computer, or harm your computer by reformatting your hard drive or changing your data view.

Computer Security Do I?
Every organization and individual has certain vital information - a unique formula, specialized customer database, a personal journal, annual financial data, etc. The organization would be compromised when they fall into the wrong hands.
Until a few years ago, the protection of such information is relatively simple. All required a strong one was safe with a single key to access. However, as privacy no longer exists. Encryption is the only way to protect your valuables. Currently, with the exception of a few strong encryption packages, there are no resources for this critical encryption function.

Passwords within most programs (Word, Excel, Access etc.) can be broken by a few beginners without any knowledge of computing. Such password breaking tools are easily found on the worldwide web for as little as $ 5.95, or sometimes even free!

Most companies invest millions of dollars in setting up firewalls and try to secure their networks. Ironically, they have the least amount of money to spend to protect the area where the data actually resides or has made the PC for their employees to use. The costs involved in securing data at the level of the user minimum. They just refuse to pay $ 35 for a security.

Encryption makes your data even if accessed by an unauthorized person, incomprehensible and unusable. By adopting the simple preventive techniques you can ensure complete data privacy.

Hacking no longer requires experts. There are literally thousands of off-the-shelf programs available on the Internet that are as easy as using the software packages that you are so familiar. Anyone, even a child with limited or no computer know-how, these packages can hack into your systems. There is no defined requirement learning curve - or the amount of background knowledge essential to an effective 'hacker' is almost zero.
Simple acts like going online to check your email to expose your machine is hacked. It is a trivial task to 'listen' someone e-mail, so that all future correspondence is now in the inbox of the hacker as well.

On http://www.cs.auckland.ac.nz/ ~ pgut001/pubs/secure_del.html find a scientific study made by Peter Gutmann, from Department of Computer Science at the University of Auckland, which is explained in full technical details of the principles of magnetic order principle and which methods can be used to recover files after they have been overwritten several times with data. You can also find a ton of references to other scientific paper on the same subject.

What is cable modem?
A cable modem allows a single computer (or network of computers) to connect to the Internet via cable TV network. The cable modem usually has an Ethernet LAN (Local Area Network) connection to the computer, and is capable of speeds exceeding 5 Mbps.

Typical speeds are generally lower than the maximum, but since cable services by all districts in LANs that share the same bandwidth. Because of this "shared-medium" topology, cable modem users can access the network slightly slower experience during periods of peak demand, and perhaps more susceptible to risks such as packet sniffing and unprotected Windows users to share than other forms of connectivity

How is broadband different from the network I use at work?
Corporate bonds and government networks are typically protected by many layers of security, ranging from network firewalls to encryption. Moreover, they usually have support staff who maintain the security and availability of these network connections.

Although your ISP is responsible for maintaining the services they provide to you, you probably will not have dedicated staff on hand to manage and operate your home network. You are ultimately responsible for your own computers. As a result, it is up to you to take reasonable precautions to make your computers from accidental or intentional abuse secured.

Computers and hardware mechanisms to protect data
Hardware-assisted or computer security provides an alternative to software-only computer security. Devices such dongles can be regarded as more secure due to the physical access needed to be compromised.
While many software-based security to encrypt the data to data from being stolen, a malicious program or hacker can corrupt data in order to irreparable or unusable. Also, encrypted systems are corrupted by a hacker or a malicious program, making the system unusable. Hardware-based security solutions can prevent read and write access to data and therefore provides very strong protection against tampering and unauthorized access. [Edit]
Works of hardware-based security: a device allows the user to log in and log on different levels of duty by doing manual operations. The device uses biometric technology to prevent malicious users to log on, log off, and changing privilege levels. The current state of a user of the device is both read by a computer and peripheral controllers such as hard disks. Illegal access by a malicious user or a malicious program is suspended based on the current state of a user hard drive and DVD controllers enable illegal access to data impossible. Hardware-based access control is safer than using login and log out of OS operating system are vulnerable to malicious attacks. Since the software can manipulate the user privilege levels, it is impossible for a hacker or a malicious program to access data protected by the hardware safely or to perform illegal acts to gain privileged. The hardware protects the image of the operating system and file system privileges tampering. Therefore, a completely secure system should be created using a combination of hardware-based security and systems security policy.

Secure operating systems
One use of the term refers to computer security technology to implement a secure operating system. Much of this technology is based on science in the 1980s developed and used to produce what some of the most impenetrable besturingssystemen ever. While still valid, the technology is in limited use today, especially since a number of changes in the management of the system imposes and also because not much understood. This ultra-strong secure operating systems are based on the operating system kernel technology that can guarantee that certain security policies are absolutely enforced in an operational environment. An example of such a computer security is the Bell-La Padula model. The strategy is based on a coupling of special microprocessor hardware features, often involving the memory management unit, special correctly implemented operating system kernel. This forms the basis for a veilig operating system, where certain key components are designed and correctly, the absolute impossibility of penetrating hostile van elementen guarantee. This capability is enabled because the configuration not only imposes a security policy, but in theory completely protects itself from corruption. Simple systems, on the other hand, not the features that assure you that this maximum level of security. The design methodology to produce such secure systems are accurate, deterministic and logical.

Systems are designed with a similar method with the state of the art [Clarification Needed] computer security although products using such security are not well known. In sharp contrast to most types of software, they meet specifications with verifiable certainty comparable to specifications for size, weight and strength. Secure operating systems designed this way are used primarily for national security information, to protect military secrets, and the data from the international financial institutions. These are very powerful security tools and very few secure operating systems are certified at the highest level (Orange Book A-1) to work on the scope of the "Top Secret" to "unclassified" (including Honeywell SCOMP , USAF SACDIN, NSA Blacker and Boeing MLS LAN.) The assurance of safety depends not only on the soundness of the draft strategy, but also to ensure the accuracy of performance, and therefore there are degrees of security force defined for COMPUSEC. The Common Criteria quantifies security strength of products in terms of two components, security functionality and assurance level (EAL, such as mirrors), and these are described in a Protection Profile for a Security Target and requirements for product descriptions. None of these ultra-high assurance secure general purpose operating systems are produced for decades or certified under Common Criteria.

In the United States usage, the term High Assurance usually suggests the system has appropriate security features that are robust enough to DoD and DOE to protect classified information out. Medium suggests that security can protect less valuable information, such as income tax information. Secure operating systems designed for medium robustness levels of security functionality and reliability to meet have seen wider use within both government and commercial markets. Medium robust systems may provide the same functions as a high security assurance secure operating systems, but doing so at a lower assurance level (such as Common Criteria EAL4 levels or EAL5). Lower levels mean we are less certain that the safety functions are performed flawlessly, and therefore less reliable. These systems can be found in use on web servers, guards, database servers and the management of hosts and are used not only to the data stored on these systems to protect, but also a high level of network and routing services.

THE FIRST THREE CHIPS
The first three press time, three groups have been claiming to have put the first computer chip: Central Air Data Computer (CADC), Intel ® 4004, and Texas Instruments TMS 1000 naval insignia Cadca system "combat aircraft in 1970" is eventually. Often exemption, since it is a CPU chip and off. TMS 1000 as a calculator Tiwari was the first in the market, but - the difference between the Intel 4004 independent image, now as before, because often cited (guilt, was a one in four of being in chips). In fact, it is not what it was before. Parents, lamp, radio - and many before and after - say it was in the ether, how could it be enough with other innovations, their time had come

RISC USE OF TECHNOLOGY
RISC stands for "Reduced Instruction Set Computing, or a humorous vein, the exile" of the important things that a translator, "and also known as the architecture of the burden of the store. In the 1970s research at IBM was the result surprising is that some action is indeed slower than several smaller operations in the same thing. A famous example of this was the VAX's INDEX instruction, which ran slower than the execution of a cycle the same code. RISC began to be adopted in a big way during the 1980s, but many of the projects before the ethics embodied in this design. A notable example is the 1964 CDC 6600 by Seymour Cray Supercomputer, who sports designer, load-store architecture , addressing modes and a lot of two pipelines of arithmetic and logic functions (more pipelines are necessary when you are coming and going task instructions and the CPU in parallel rather than linearly). Most RISC machines only have around five simple ways to deal - with fewer addressing modes, reduced instruction set (the IBM 360 system, only three modes). Easier to design a processor pipeline, if you use a simple addressing modes.

Earlier Intel: 4004, 8008, and 8080
Intel all its only 4 a bit - in the chip end Intel 4004 in November 1971. It is a clock frequency of 108 kHz and Rome, RAM, and ports for 2300 with transistors / A was originally developed for use on a computer with an Intel had his contract as a stand-negotiate new market for single processor can. It was inspired by Jesus in December PDP -8. Intel was introduced in April 8008 1972, and was nothing more than a farce about a 4004th 8 bits The principal claim was that his own fame a. C. - Computer Terminal Corporation (CTC), the chip provided by the Commission - are the basis for 8080, with 8086 and later (and therefore also for x86) architecture. At the moment around 4040 includes Intel's password, bewitched the instructions were logical and 4004 and add 32-bit Intel Intel 432nd put the 8080, which is considered one of the first 8008 to teach at the map and is generally considered the first truly usable microprocessor used. 8080 16-bit address bus and a bus 8-bit data, a 16-bit memory, the 8008 internal rate of 8 lot lot had changed, and a program counter 16-bit. These 256 I / O ports, I / O address space of the device or path can be added without the intervention. This is an indication that a separate bank of memory capture PIN was possible that a lot. These qualities made him a truly modern microprocessor. The Altair 8800, one of the first popular computer to use (the other applicants that MIT Lincoln in 1963 with the title bit "to 12 laboratories LINC / laboratory equipment, including computer components and December 1965-8 December PDP created himself). Although 4004 was the first company, it's really 8080, that their future is going to win - was clear and that in 1974 the company changed its phone number for the last four digits will be 8080th

SOME FACTS ABOUT MICROPROCESSORS
Originally, Intel was the first microprocessor called 4040. This is a 4-bit processor that can process means that only 4 bits at a time. Then it was revised to a better version called the 8080 which is 8-bit processors. Then came the Intel 8085 processor.This creates attraction worldwide for its architecture and processing power. But after that really steal the scene for both 8086 and 8088. These processors are 16-bit capacity and really revolutionized the way people consider microprocessor.Many devices to start with the microprocessor and thus was born the computer by connecting the appropriate devices. 8086 is the first processor that can be used commercially as a computer processor. This is the birth of the legendary 8086 x86 series includes 80,186, 80,286, and then calls the Pentium series

INFORMATION 8-bit Intel
Intel 4004 was followed in 1972 by the Intel 8008, first 8-bit world. According to the History of Modern Computing (MIT Press), pp. 220-21, Intel has signed a contract with Computer Terminals Corporation, later called Datapoint, of San Antonio TX, for a chip for a terminal that was designed. Datapoint later decided not to use the chip, and Intel marketing and in April 8008, 1972. This was the first chip 8-bit world. This was the basis for the famous game of "Mark-8 computer is advertised in the magazine Radio-Electronics in 1974. 8008 was the precursor of the highly successful Intel 8080 (1974), Zilog Z80 (1976), and secondary processors Intel in 8-bits. Competitive 6800 Sony Ericsson was launched in August 1974 and related to MOS Technology 6502 in 1975 (mostly the same people). Z80 6502 rivaled in popularity during the 1980s. A generally low cost, small packaging, simple computer bus applications, and sometimes otherwise provided by the external security hardware (Z80 has a built-in refresh your memory) allowed the home computer "revolution" to accelerate significantly to early 1980, eventually sending cheap car such as Sinclair ZX-81, which sold for $ 99. Western Design Center, Inc. (WDC) introduced the CMOS 65C02 in 1982 and licensed the design to several companies. The used as the CPU in the Apple IIc and IIe personal computers, as well as medical grade implantable defibrillators, heart stimulants, automotive, industrial and consumer devices. WDC pioneered licensing chip designs, followed later by ARM and other microprocessor Intellectual Property (IP) providers in the 1990s. MC6809 Motorola introduced in 1978, an ambitious design sources and the thought of 8-bit compatible with 6800 and executed by the simple use of wired logic. (microprocessors of 16 - microcode bit general purpose to some extent, as the design requirements are too complex for simple hard-wired logic only.) Another 8-bit microprocessor was the Signetics early 2650, has enjoyed a surge in short interest because a powerful new architecture and instruction set. A seminal microprocessor in the world of spaceflight was RCA RCA 1802 (aka CDP1802, RCA COSMAC) (introduced in 1976), which is used in NASA's Voyager probes Viking space of the 1970s, as well as on board the Galileo probe to Jupiter (launched 1989, arrived in 1995). COSMAC RCA was the first to implement CMOS technology. CDP1802 was used because it can run on very low power and because its production process (Silicon on sapphire) to ensure better protection against cosmic radiation and electrostatic discharges than any other processor time. Thus, 1802 is said to be the first chip of radiation toast. RCA 1802 had what is called a static design, which means that the clock frequency can be arbitrarily low, even at 0 Hz, a total stop condition. This leaves the Voyager / Viking / Galileo spacecraft use minimum electrical energy over long travel periods without problems. timers and / or sensors would awaken / improve processor performance in time of important tasks, such as updates navigation, attitude control, data acquisition, and radio communication.

Intel's first microprocessor
Intel 4004 microprocessor is generally regarded as the first and cost thousands of dollars. The first contest known for 4004 is the date of November 1971, she appeared on the news. The project has generated 4004 Born in 1969, when Busicom, a Japanese calculator manufacturer, asked Intel to create a set of calculator chips for high-performance desktop. Busicom original design includes a programmable chip that consists of 7 different cards, three of them of a special purpose CPU in its program stored in ROM and data stored in shift register read / write memory. Ted Hoff, Intel engineer assigned to evaluate the project, believed Busicom design can be simplified by using dynamic RAM for storing data, instead of logging memory change, and a more traditional CPU architecture general purpose. Hoff came up with a proposed architecture of four chips: one chip ROM for program storage, a classification of dynamic RAM chip data, a simple drive E / S and a central processing 4-bit (CPU), who considered that they could be integrated into a single chip, although not a designer of chips. This chip later said the 4004 chip. Architecture and specifications of 4004 were the result of interaction with Stanley Mazor Intel Hoff, a software engineer reporting Busicom Hoff Engineering and Masatoshi Shima. In April 1970, Intel hired Federico Faggin led the design of seven four chips. Faggin, who originally developed the silicon gate technology (sergeant) at Fairchild Semiconductor in 1968 [10] (and also designed the first shopping mall in the world using integrated Sergeant - Fairchild 3708), has the background necessary to implement the project after the sergeant was allowed to design a CPU on a chip with the correct speed, power dissipation and cost. Faggin also developed a new methodology for the design of random logic gate based on silicon, making possible 4004. The production of 4004 units were delivered for the first time in March 1971 and sent to other customers Busicom late 1971.